The Vatican Museums, situated within the massive walls of Vatican City, a city-state within Rome, are housed in the lavishly decorated former apartments and private chapels of the popes.
The museums’ collection of art, decorative arts, and antiquities spans various eras and cultures, from Ancient Egypt to the Renaissance, and even includes a small collection of Modern Art. It’s important to note that this isn’t a museum about the history of the Catholic Church, but rather a collection of works throughout the ages.
Architectural Features and Artworks
The Vatican Museums are home to a wide array of architectural features and artworks, including:
The Bramante Staircase
The Bramante Staircase is a unique and ornate double helix, ramp-like staircase designed in the early 20th century by architect and engineer Giuseppe Momo. This architectural marvel is a must-see for visitors to the Vatican Museums.
Model of Vatican City
A detailed model of Vatican City allows visitors to get a bird’s-eye view of this small but significant city-state.
Intricate Floor Mosaics
The museums feature several intricate floor mosaics, such as:
- The Athena mosaic
- The partially reconstructed 4th-century A.D. floors of the Bath of Caracalla
These mosaics showcase the incredible skill and craftsmanship of ancient artisans.
Ornately Carved Stone Sarcophagi
The collection includes a number of ornately carved stone sarcophagi, some of which are just fragments. Notable examples include:
- A 4th-century A.D. center panel fragment carved with the Christological monogram known as Chi-Rho
- The red porphyry stone tombs of Constantia (daughter of Constantine the Great) and of her grandmother Helena
These sarcophagi provide a glimpse into the funeral practices and artistic traditions of ancient Rome.
Antiquities of Ancient Egypt
The Vatican Museums house an impressive collection of Ancient Egyptian artifacts, including:
- Mummies
- Painted sarcophagi
- Hieroglyphic reliefs
- Several statues, such as the XVIII-Dynasty Statue of Queen Tuya
These objects offer insight into the fascinating culture and history of Ancient Egypt.
Classical Statues
The museums boast numerous Classical statues, including:
- Artemis, goddess of the hunt
- Dace
- Hercules (aka Heracles)
- Giustiniani Minerva (or Athena)
- A ca. 1st-century A.D. statue of the River Nile as an old man (in a reclining pose said to have inspired Michelangelo’s depiction of Adam on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel)
- Antonio Canova’s Perseus Triumphant, holding the head of Medusa
- An expressive statue of Silenus
- A marble bust of Oceanus, Titan of the Sea
These sculptures showcase the incredible artistic achievements of ancient Greek and Roman civilizations.
Terrace of the Niche and Courtyard of the Pine
During your tour of the Egyptian wing of the museum, be sure to step out onto the Terrace of the Niche and into the Courtyard of the Pine (Cortile della Pigna). This courtyard/sculpture garden takes its name from the grandiose Fountain of the Pine (Fontana della Pigna).
Fountain of the Pine
The Fountain of the Pine, flanked by two bronze peacocks (copies of originals believed to have adorned Hadrian’s Mausoleum, now known as Castel Sant’Angelo), features a giant pinecone resting on a base decorated with high relief carvings. While the fountain is no longer in use, it remains an impressive sight.
Additional Works on the Terrace and in the Courtyard
The terrace and courtyard feature additional works, including a few antiquities and some modern art. Among these are:
- A statue of the lioness goddess Sekhmet
- The 4th-century B.C. grey granite Lions of Nectanebo
- The modern 20th-century sculpture titled Sfera con sfera (Sphere with sphere) by Arnaldo Pomodoro
These diverse works showcase the breadth of the Vatican Museums’ collection.
Renaissance Frescoes and Other Artworks
The Vatican Museums are home to a number of frescoes from the Renaissance, such as:
- Angel with Lute and Angel with Viola from a 15th-century fresco by Melozzo da Forlì
- Raphael’s early-16th-century fresco painting of The Disputation over the Most Holy Sacrament
The museum also houses a collection of colorful Flemish tapestries, some created from designs by Raphael, and a few masterpieces by artists such as Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh.
Gallery of Maps
The 16th-century Gallery of Maps, commissioned by Pope Gregory XIII and designed by cosmographer Ignazio Danti, is a must-see. This long (almost 400 feet in length), narrow (just under 20 feet wide), and richly-decorated barrel-vaulted gallery is home to 40 large-scale painted maps depicting the geography of Italy.
The Sistine Chapel
A visit to the Vatican Museums offers a unique look at the historical wealth and power of the papacy. It’s definitely worth the time, especially since ticket holders have access to the Sistine Chapel, where you’ll see the amazing painted ceiling – a masterpiece by Michelangelo from the 16th century.
The Creation of Adam
The most famous panel of the ceiling fresco is The Creation of Adam, though it’s a bit overshadowed by the busy-ness of the scenes painted around it.
Skipping the Line to Enter the Basilica of Saint Peter
Another highlight of visiting the Vatican Museums is getting to skip the really long line (which forms daily) to enter the Basilica of Saint Peter.
Getting There
The Vatican Museums are located at Viale Vaticano, on the northern side of Vatican City. You can get there by Metro (Line A): Ottaviano or Cipro.
Ticket Information
Adult Admission (Vatican Museums + Sistine Chapel) = 17.00€
Additional ticket options and discounts are available. Check the Vatican Museums website for details.
Travel Tips
- Lines for tickets to the Vatican Museum/Sistine Chapel can be really long. To save time and skip the line, you can book your ticket(s) online (additional fee applies). Keep in mind, you will need to select a date/time for your visit.
- The facility has strict rules of dress and conduct. Be sure to familiarize yourself with the regulations.
- To help you navigate through the museum, here’s a link to a downloadable map of the Vatican Museums.
Additional Information
Vatican Gardens
Along With the museums, consider taking a guided tour of the Vatican Gardens. These beautifully landscaped gardens feature a variety of plants, sculptures, and fountains, offering a peaceful retreat from the bustling city.
Vatican Necropolis
For a truly unique experience, book a tour of the Vatican Necropolis, located beneath Saint Peter’s Basilica. This ancient cemetery is believed to be the burial place of Saint Peter and features well-preserved Roman mausoleums and early Christian burial sites.
Vatican Library
While not open to the general public, the Vatican Library is one of the oldest and most significant libraries in the world. It houses an extensive collection of manuscripts, books, and other historical documents. Scholars and researchers may apply for special permission to access the library’s resources.
Papal Audiences
If you’re interested in seeing the Pope, consider attending a Papal Audience. These public gatherings, held on Wednesdays when the Pope is in Rome, take place in Saint Peter’s Square or the Paul VI Audience Hall. Tickets are free but must be requested in advance.
Nearby Attractions
After visiting the Vatican Museums, be sure to explore some of the other nearby attractions, such as:
- Saint Peter’s Basilica: This iconic church is the largest in the world and features stunning architecture, art, and the famous Pietà sculpture by Michelangelo.
- Saint Peter’s Square: Designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, this massive square is surrounded by colonnades and features an ancient Egyptian obelisk at its center.
- Castel Sant’Angelo: Originally built as a mausoleum for the Roman emperor Hadrian, this fortress-turned-museum offers fascinating exhibits and panoramic views of Rome.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much time should I allow for visiting the Vatican Museums?
Given the vast size and scope of the collections, it’s recommended to allow at least 2-3 hours for your visit. However, if you want to explore the museums more thoroughly, you could easily spend a full day there.
Are guided tours available?
Yes, guided tours of the Vatican Museums are available in various languages. These tours can provide valuable insights and help you navigate the vast complex more efficiently. You can book tours directly through the Vatican Museums website or through third-party providers.
Is photography allowed inside the museums?
Photography is permitted in most areas of the Vatican Museums, except for the Sistine Chapel, where no photography or video recording is allowed. Be sure to respect any signage indicating photography restrictions in specific rooms or exhibits.
Are there any days when the museums are closed?
The Vatican Museums are closed on Sundays, except for the last Sunday of each month (when they are open and offer free admission). They are also closed on some religious holidays, such as Christmas Day and Easter Sunday. Always check the official website for the most up-to-date information on opening hours and closures.
Is there a dress code for visiting the Vatican Museums?
Yes, the Vatican Museums have a strict dress code. Visitors are required to wear clothing that covers their shoulders and knees. Low-cut or sleeveless clothing, shorts, miniskirts, and hats are not allowed. It’s recommended to dress modestly and respectfully when visiting the museums and any other religious sites in Vatican City.
A visit to the Vatican Museums is an unforgettable experience that offers a glimpse into the incredible artistic, cultural, and historical treasures of the Catholic Church. By following these tips and exploring the museums at your own pace, you’ll be able to fully appreciate the beauty and significance of this remarkable institution.
